South Africa, Tanzania and Malawi to withdraw troops from conflict-torn DR Congo
Public opposition to their deployment has surged since 14 South African and three Malawian peacekeepers were killed by M23 rebels in January.
African leaders announced the withdrawal of thousands of troops from South Africa, Tanzania and Malawi who were sent to quell insurgencies in mineral-rich eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where M23 rebels have killed some of the peacekeepers while overrunning the region this year.
Troops from the three countries were sent in 2023 under the banner of the Southern African Development Community, or SADC, but public opposition to the deployment has surged since 14 South African and three Malawian peacekeepers were killed by the rebels in January.
The decision was announced after a virtual meeting of the 16-member bloc, which also includes Congo, and came a day after Angola announced it would host peace talks next week between the Congolese government and the M23 rebels.
No timetable was announced for the pullout of troops, who have numbered up to 3,000, but the SADC said in a statement that it would be a “phased withdrawal”.
South African foreign minister Ronald Lamola told his country’s national broadcaster, SABC, that other belligerents should also now withdraw.
“All the forces that are not invited, non-invited parties, in that conflict must also withdraw and be engaged in a process of ceasefire,” Mr Lamola said.
The SADC mission was part of a myriad of forces operating in the mineral-rich region plagued by decades of armed violence. They include Congolese government soldiers, foreign mercenaries, a United Nations peacekeeping force and more than 100 groups that are fighting for power, land and valuable mineral resources. Others try to defend their communities. Some armed groups have been accused of mass killings and ethnic cleansing.
The M23 rebels are supported by about 4,000 troops from neighbouring Rwanda, according to UN experts, and at times have vowed to march as far as Congo’s capital, Kinshasa, more than 1,000 miles away.
Rwanda has rejected charges, including by the Congolese government and UN experts, that it backs M23 in eastern Congo, a region that is now one of the world’s largest humanitarian crises with more than seven million people displaced.
The withdrawal of SADC troops comes after the M23 took control of eastern Congo’s main city of Goma and seized the second largest city, Bukavu, in offensives over the past two months.
Fourteen South African soldiers, and at least three from Malawi were killed in January in the fighting. The United Nations later evacuated a group of critically injured South African peacekeepers, although the South African government did not provide figures.
SADC deployed troops to eastern Congo in December 2023 and extended the mandate by another year during a meeting in Zimbabwe’s capital, Harare, last November.
Zimbabwe President Emmerson Mnangagwa, the SADC chairman, appealed for “continued support” for the safe withdrawal of the troops and evacuation of equipment, adding that “dialogue is a key cog to usher lasting peace” in Congo.
The UN Human Rights Council last month launched a commission that will investigate atrocities, including allegations of rape and killing akin to “summary executions” by both sides.
